Which type of member is defined by holding an office and generally has full voting and speaking rights unless bylaws restrict it?

• A. Ex-Officio
• B. Honorary Member
• C. Adjunct Member
• D. Nonmember

Answer: (A)

In parliamentary practice, an ex-officio member is defined by the office they hold. Because their membership comes from holding that office, they typically participate with the same rights as other members, including voting and speaking, unless the organization's bylaws specifically limit those rights. This matches the scenario of someone who holds an office and generally has full voting and speaking rights, subject to any bylaws. The other types of members differ in their fundamental status: Honorary members are usually admitted for honor and often have limited or no voting rights; adjunct members are affiliated but not full members with standard voting privileges; nonmembers are not members at all. So ex-officio best fits the described situation.